Nutrition for pregnancy after metabolic and bariatric surgery: literature review and practical guide

When pregnancy follows metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), there are many important considerations related to nutritional status that may impact maternal and infant outcomes. Although evidence-based nutrition guidelines for pregnancy exist for the general population, there are limited practical recommendations that specifically address pregnancy after MBS. A literature search was conducted to investigate outcomes of women with a history of MBS and pregnancy. Search criteria focused on women 18 years of age and older who became pregnant after MBS. Search terms included “laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy,” “Roux-en-Y gastric bypass,” “laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding,” “biliopancreatic duodenal switch,” and gestation terminology, and they were paired with the nutrition outcomes of interest. A total of 167 publications were identified; 46 articles were included in the final review. Data relating to gestation and fetal weight and nutrition and cardiometabolic data were extracted from the studies. Based on this review, women of childbearing age with a history of MBS should be evaluated and monitored for nutritional status before conception, during pregnancy, and postpartum.     

维生素D和PLGF在妊娠期糖尿病患者中的表达及对妊娠结局及新生儿的影响

目的:探讨维生素D、胎盘生长因子(PLGF)在妊娠期糖尿病患者中的表达及对妊娠结局及胎儿的影响。方法:以2018年1月-2019年3月本院产科分娩的妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕妇85例为GDM组,同期定期产前检查的健康孕妇80例为对照组,检测两组血清维生素D和PLGF水平,Westem blot检测与免疫组织化检测分娩后胎盘组织中PLGF相对表达,比较两组维生素D和PLGF水平变化;以妊娠期糖尿病患者维生素D、血清PLGF水平分为正常组(33例,维生素D≥30ng/ml、PLGF>100pg/ml)与不足组(53例,维生素D<29ng、PLGF<100pg/ml),比较两组妊娠结局与新生儿情况。结果:GDM组血清维生素D和PLGF水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),胎盘中PLGF蛋白相对表达(1.02±0.76)高于对照组(0.78±0.64),PLGF阳性表达(2.97±1.12)高于对照组(1.75±0.97)(均P<0.05);不足组不良妊娠结局发生率(74.5%)高于正常组(21.2%),新生儿并发症发生率(67.9%)高于正常组(18.2%)(均P<0.05)。结论:GDM孕妇血清维生素D、PLGF水平较低,其不足与不良妊娠结局与胎儿并发症可能有关。     

维生素D联合糠酸莫米松乳膏治疗婴幼儿中重度湿疹的临床分析

目的:分析维生素D联合糠酸莫米松乳膏治疗婴幼儿中重度湿疹的临床疗效并探究维生素D对患儿免疫功能的影响。方法:104例中重度湿疹婴幼儿随机分为对照组和治疗组各52例,对照组用0.1%糠酸莫米松乳膏治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上予维生素D制剂阿法骨化醇滴剂治疗。分析治疗后2组患儿治疗总有效率,同时检测患儿治疗前及治疗4周后血清25-(OH)D3、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素(IL-2)、IL-4、IL-13水平。结果:治疗组总有效率为92.31%,优于对照组(76.92%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后血清IFN-γ、IL-2水平较治疗前上升,并明显高于对照组,血清IL-4、IL-13水平较治疗前下降,并明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:维生素D能调节中重度湿疹婴幼儿免疫功能,因此维生素D联合糠酸莫米松乳膏能提高中重度湿疹婴幼儿治疗疗效,值得在临床上应用。     

Estudios farmacogenéticos en la enfermedad de Alzheimer

IntroductionAlzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is considered one of the main causes of disability and dependence affecting quality of life in elderly people and their families. Current pharmacological treatment includes acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine) and memantine; however, only one-third of patients respond to treatment. Genetic factors have been shown to play a role in this inter-individual variability in drug response.DevelopmentWe review pharmacogenetic reports of AD-modifying drugs, the pharmacogenetic biomarkers included, and the phenotypes evaluated. We also discuss relevant methodological considerations for the design of pharmacogenetic studies into AD. A total of 33 pharmacogenetic reports were found; the majority of these focused on the variability in response to and metabolism of donepezil. Most of the patients included were from Caucasian populations, although some studies also include Korean, Indian, and Brazilian patients. CYP2D6 and APOE are the most frequently studied biomarkers. The associations proposed are controversial.ConclusionsPotential pharmacogenetic biomarkers for AD have been identified; however, it is still necessary to conduct further research into other populations and to identify new biomarkers. This information could assist in predicting patient response to these drugs and contribute to better treatment decision-making in a context as complex as aging.     

腹腔镜胃癌根治或2D、3D腹腔镜胃癌根治术的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨观察腹腔镜胃癌根治或2D、3D腹腔镜胃癌根治术的临床疗效。方法:选择本院2017年2月~2018年11月收治的60例胃癌患者且将其随机分成对照组与研究组,每组各30例。对照组30例行2D腹腔镜胃癌根治术,研究组30例行3D腹腔镜胃癌根治术,对比观察临床疗效。结果:(1)比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量,研究组显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)统计显示,研究组并发症发生率与对照组并无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胃癌根治术是治疗胃癌的有效术式,相比2D腹腔镜胃癌根治术,3D腹腔镜胃癌根治术的优势更明显。     

Independent 6D quality assurance of stereotactic radiotherapy repositioning on linacs

PurposeA high level of accuracy while positioning the patient is mandatory for frameless stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), as large doses in multiple fractions can be delivered near organs at risk. The objective of this study is to propose an end-to-end quality assurance method to verify that submillimetre alignment can be achieved with stereotactic conventional linacs.MethodsWe used a TrueBeam® linear accelerator equipped with a 6DOF robotic couch. The “ISO Cube” phantom was used with a homemade stand designed to generate known translational and rotational offsets. A reference CT scan was performed with straight alignment of the phantom. The procedure introduced 1.6° angular offset for the couch pitch and roll, at various gantry angles. The couch base was also moved between 0° and 270°. We compared the results with the daily machine performance check tests (MPC, Varian).ResultsThe mean isocentre size, MV and kV imager offsets were found to agree to within 0.1 mm, 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm respectively, and were in close agreement between the methods. For a total four months data collection period, the mean deviation between requested and measured 6DOF couch shifts was 0.6 mm and 0.2°. Errors on field size were smaller than 1 mm for 97.7% of the 324 data points.ConclusionResults demonstrate that the linac equipped with a 6DOF robotic positioner and CBCT imaging satisfies requirements for SRT. Our methodology, based on a modified Winston-Lutz quality control, allowed us to quantitatively assess end-to-end accuracy of a linac in order to safely deliver SRT.